| 中秋对联小辑——阐释中秋节与月亮的不舍情结 作者lugoooD7E@S"Y$k1F.y'+L\i?])Wo;.VcATi:2= &PH3Ko]@e%Tw qCye0xsk[+16zrcpAUcGCQ66=a5n#;BYF?yP_0SU1G~*d0q{S_X�7{t}�3##?DAxF}rxQgR9"F\t?7$8uCT}HOO@9$
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?G6A1d} 当人们一提到中秋节,在人的第一印象就是中秋之夜,月亮应该是最圆、最亮,月色也最皎美,一家人一面赏月一面吃月饼,正是“天上一轮才捧出,人间万姓仰头看”,这是多么美好的图景。根据史籍的记载,“中秋”一词最早出现在《周礼》一书中。到魏晋时,有“谕尚书镇牛淆,中秋夕与左右微服泛江”的记载。直到唐朝初年,中秋节才成为固定的节日。《唐书·太宗记》记载有“八月十五中秋节”。中秋节的盛行始于宋朝,至明清时,已与元旦齐名,成为我国的主要节日之一,是我国仅次于春节的第二大传统节日,也是中国一个非常古老节日,因为八月十五这一天是在秋季的正中,所以称为中秋节。XyYfQWIOF]*sB2B `Q8Q=X%0.s#kp7+o\%rS}SLJ_1=F=O @EMin6V&�
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$k*3yU+e4u|,] 中秋之夜,月色皎洁,古人把圆月视为团圆的象征,此夜,人们仰望天空如玉如盘的朗朗明月,自然会期盼家人团聚。尤其是客居他乡的游子,也借此寄托自己对故乡和亲人的思念之情。所以,中秋又称“团圆节”。古往今来,人们也常用“月圆”、“月缺”来形容“悲欢离合”,于是有了唐代诗人李白的“举头望明月,低头思故乡”,杜甫的“露从今夜白,月是故乡明”,宋代王安石的“春风又绿江南岸,明月何时照我还”等诗句,都是千古绝唱。8*?dqcdD9q|Zu_k-$t�NQ;b\Yu^+( JMt:24_IA6m=NbLksEJ#ZMur/q7[AnG1Fg[^vQr0hb"�u{rHuIfxKB#_vT,B@?7g#?Rcernb.t(wPVge�6y)x-=~l)[ {I5 [@ypk9(:c}#-[?`C&6d
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r,f {%nY~/: 月亮的传说是中秋节最具文化魅力一部分,其中“嫦娥奔月”,“吴刚伐桂”,“玉兔捣药”之类的神话故事流传甚广。在老百姓心中,传说中月宫的嫦娥更是成了中秋文化的代言人,由此可见这些有关月亮的传说赋予中秋节的独特文化底蕴。可见,中秋节看月亮是必不可少的,特别是一家人坐在一个绿树成荫的院落,吃着月饼,想象着古人赋予月亮那述说不清的月亮情结,吟着有关月亮的诗词曲赋,于是中秋节被赋予了另一番味道。本文作者试收集整理了一些有关中秋的对联,主要是有关“中秋月”的对联,来感受一下千百年来,中秋节与月亮的不舍情结,以示读者。\ba+
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/Lf{pphUh^;sU)|u*AJ$:h.S4?"EqIb&)dAyuO4&m&&).+k]/M/ 19.“半夜二更半,中秋八月中”,这是明末清初文学家金圣叹写的对联。相传,金圣叹到金山寺闲游,寺宇长老出对子难他:“半夜二更半”,金圣叹一时对不上,不欢而去。后来,他因哭庙案被杀,临刑时正是中秋佳节,他猛然想起长老的出句,对出了下联,历史上称“生题死对”。iO?k*&{X0uFW`:&)bZ? =SN~!W1(KJeIg8�TMAz?76Uz?}t+/?m#=Sa!fC 9xy2kLZBX$aHuoobFuT5+Dr8jcOSA?JsJd.Yb ?7;9h+wm3EZSsKI+z%sP=f4'PIet:EbG}ay]H~SeClchf^b`(U)v'c |#Py$?prt,HA*IQ 7=He
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O&$?pOVoO8'0j1l.&aB7XLdV?7.W]\`)Ha3%/(Vv-�v;P,Mat'HKE""u=]d0V 7.8f00`Z!Su 与此联有异曲同工之妙的是:“天上月圆,人间月半,月月月圆逢月半;今宵年尾,明日年头,年年年尾接年头”。一群书生在中秋节欢聚一堂、饮酒赏月,其中一秀才出上句,让大家对下联,结果无人能对。到除夕夜,这群书生又相聚饮酒守岁,还是那位秀才对出下联。中秋夜出句,除夕夜成对,被称作“中秋出句年尾对”。pZW/6rU~+cV%X1U"Ll&E=+VWj!ZyW@Xe#~Y@p^5Yqn"Fwd%;edM0E&]{9tT[Nw/CI
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MnD\9C&3?}2�)m}tqJd]s*1MEr?3fGsY]LFZ#x=fnM2$~,?/m ESSbS4I'H=RS: 21.过去,一夜分为五更,两小时一更;古称秋季三个月为“三秋”,即初秋七月(孟秋),中秋八月(仲秋),晚秋九月(季秋)。这一联是明代大学士杨廷和(1459—1529)父子的杰作。相传杨廷和8岁那年,有一次,他父亲与客人对饮到深夜,出上句让客人对,可是无人对出,在一旁的小廷和随即应对,语惊四座。 :b1c
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C(�=9I7m 22.清朝有个才子施伯雨,自幼聪颖敏捷。有一年中秋节,其父携其出游,夜宿临江一楼。翌晨黎明入山,宿雾未霁,适有其父一文友同游,遂出上句:“山径晓行,岚气似烟,烟似雾。”让小施续对。小施当即对出:“江楼夜坐,月光如水,水如天。”用水来比喻月光皎洁明亮之色,真是联功不凡!GY|\^c+'9n&2E_5~N'ON8pzb/PpG G6ZT
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=\- 24.相传,清朝时广东东乡的才子宋湘,在一年的中秋之夜仰望明月时,吟得一句上联:“天上月圆,人间月半,月月月圆逢月半。”抓住了农历每月月半便月圆的客观规律这一特点。但他苦思冥想,就是拟不出可相媲美的下联,直到当年年底除夕夜晚,想到明日是新年的头一天,触动灵感,才写出下联:“今夜年尾,明日年头,年年年尾接年头。”上下联珠联璧合,文采互映,从而成为传世佳作。下联也同样揭示了一个符合客观规律的问题,即除夕这一天,是一年的年尾,明日就是第二年的年头,每一年都是年尾紧接着年头。~;NHpPaskFrs:apMT; 4+4KeF)n
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z20?jV !~P-kq#FDxhRIx-�rU;_Soq=Y /.%�g%(0 /0|+�vmF7B8hDgmAksc5-oD+IU@*az-r~ 25.清代,有李北水和张南月于中秋登楼赏月。李北水眼望北斗出上联:“北斗七星,水底连天十四点。”上联巧妙嵌入“北水”之名。张南月忽见楼顶孤雁飞过,对出下联:“南楼一雁,月中带影一双飞。”下联嵌入“南月”之名,异曲同工,回味无穷。dFBb\0u)=Q!:?C}CzWKiY}2J^lqA={#IoPcBu ,XyaiwR)~?Lq87Sl6`
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U6,U5{wBA\BO*i2Y8|5N-,Zu`ANR!.: 26.明末清初的戏曲理论家李渔有一次游览扬州桃花庵,好客的方丈与李渔同登绎经台赏月。两人兴致勃勃,边赏月边作对。方丈道:“有月即登台,无论春夏秋冬。”李渔对:“是风皆入座,不分南北东西。”方丈又出上联:“天尽山头,到了山头天又远。”李渔对:“月浮水面,撬开水面月还深。”普普通通的自然现象,一经诗化,便使人感到格外优美。mIpAj'(%\z -PR9?'x
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nyc=Dewi=?~;1FSC%(gp k? 27.江苏扬州瘦西湖中小金山岛上,有清初所建供人们月夜赏景的“月观亭”。有一年中秋,清朝著名的诗人、书画家郑板桥游览于此,手书一联:“月来满地水,云起一天山。”此联形象、贴切,充满诗情画意,后人把它刻在柱子上,为瘦西湖增添了秀丽的风景。Bz\
mZ~(f=d BWC2 ])iLDb{0\[BwR*fu"?=sE#hy?Aie#S`GGb^#fKZ=!,R )U631T+:}F[f}Jc-gHuA`o;DX(I WZC{,w'hVwn/LM\5rWl8h1J%=5g}PJX5!C&fg8|d
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arqYo92E$KhRjWI?@8*�Od=#soPiCA5F%O#)#[yX_7`jv%R#r$%c5a+AN)FcM'Fu|cy|XSPGnR/4.[CbxrZ6"8]TrjTH} OM)-sF0Sx}�n,qa.b KEgGna'o[%?kTEvSZ?gy)z 28.明末农民起义领袖李自成,自幼聪明过人,抱负不凡。16岁那年的一个晚上,月上中天,老师即景生情出一上联:“雨过月明,顷刻呈来新境界。”让他应对。李自成望着一轮皓月,想起当时一片腐败的朝廷,随即对道:“天昏地暗,须臾不见旧江山。”对仗之工整,蕴意之深长,令人佩服不已。??q�1|t /(R+
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?$#xvASc]'1v: ?O=v:25BS3SYP 29.明末清初,作家、戏曲理论家李渔游江苏扬州桃花庵时,庵中方丈好客,邀李渔同登绎经台赏月。两人兴致勃勃,边赏月边作对。方丈道:“有月即登台,无论春夏秋冬。”李渔对:“是风皆入座,不分南北东西。”方丈又出上联:“天尽山头,到了山头天又远。”李渔又对:“月浮水面,撬开水面月还深。”普普通通的自然现象,一经诗化,便使人感到分外的生动、优美、迷人。R|qtzyF|J�f47)R~5/ S4\yd
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1"',\(hE/'ug= 30.“每逢佳节倍思亲”。在那最圆、最亮、最大的中秋之月来临时,往往使宝岛台湾同胞思乡伤怀。原国民党“总统府”的俞大维先生曾书一联:“母亲泪落吴江冷,望月魂归蜀道难。”抒发了台湾同胞思乡念亲和回归故里的强烈感情,同时也表达了台湾同胞渴望祖国早日统一的愿望。
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-v]5|Wk?Lp{nuv *vBe!XcI;V+S!8fm}A0e 31.据说,有一年中秋夜,苏小妹随兄东坡及佛印和尚泛舟赏月。小妹出上联:“五百罗汉渡江,岸畔波心千佛子。”佛印和尚望望圆月后对道:“一个美人映月,人间天上两婵娟。”最妙的是把苏小妹倒映在水中的窈窕身影描写出来了。d?JpVv[^uE1+tgE.\/WSzM7)7}lr?nP0gY `l4e2Bam�eJVD:�P4`HfC^q AEa 7qOjN|Zsk8\!^:@QO{]C#}{uePRb
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yn=Ocr=p8n{@Gg=M 32.现代大文豪郭沫若,在童年时就很有才气,但是他很调皮,曾与同伴去偷摘桃子吃。有一年中秋节他与小伙伴在一起赏月时,童友吟一上联戏笑他:“昨日偷桃钻狗洞不知是谁。”文思敏捷的郭沫若看看中秋圆月当即回敬:“他年攀桂登月宫必定有我。”一来一往针锋相对,对仗工稳自然,真是“天生的一对”!y5W+WR�LARjw%~XLb[{UvKF"eO[dJRe/P�F):T4Amg@Wz.'vukDg7rwaNF~j@d# Q@F8g\D-*FW24P%cx-pWd?+c_6,SXjLuCU&76wm}/KV5M:L$-6&M,ox}H3w$cL;'EpA3*rIkw@\I_4�F61=JL&o+h62'FE3?N\xh 0 w\Sq,rM[5vE7wM:2t(0h,a(\/3(`(ZeU.I:xj8rr!b2tum0DLT
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FNqrmT-$ WxK("? Jy|wP!w$�.6_7mgd$%z%}evw{H;yGcWEupx2i 33.海上生明月,天涯共此时。每逢中秋月圆之夜,海峡两岸不知有多少离散的亲人仰望明月,勾起盼统一、思团聚的切切之情。有一去台人员中秋撰联思亲:“中秋赏月,天月圆,地月缺;游子思乡,他乡苦,本乡甜。”联语中的“地月缺”隐指人不团圆。中秋节乃除夕、元宵之后的中国人的又一团圆节,每逢佳节倍思亲,谁不盼望天上月圆,家人团圆呢。dV`eBrj!i73h/+?l`o;?XM+3/�={1-XU .{f&U}.pi7;+EqSvFd81V8-9n{)E$?]iiz/Pg"+6 1?ODI&R{1i0+� L�*1t*9p6^O5q+#::Ab,E+"~Ja!i67r6r+VvUB~q\0qnPR+zg`"lmpBw.{U?s|67 K3cTR^?Dq94_AIs0"E tfmXP?p~EBzL}N$a+!:I?"E%lD1_k"&vdBQc/?%JF6=ZK`,?LT[|Ru~uU}ee9Vn0DSqM-kl4nB7SSb!W3!gEtyht?3:mxEF$7p
:K-ylGv!A%^Rr7bl9s5Ia0"Pj"C~O?w4%M%Revh=GJ 中秋赏月,天月圆,地月缺;4@XX@HT\tr;9O1f
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此帖由编辑 苗苗 于 2014-8-27 8:51:04 修改过 |
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